The School Of Prison Pipeline Presents The Intersection Of...

Chapter One: Introduction Background of the Study: The School-to-Prison Pipeline presents the intersection of a K-12 educational system and a juvenile system, which too often fails to serve our nations at risk youth. For most students, the pipeline begins with inadequate resources in public schools. Overcrowded classrooms, a lack of qualified teachers, and insufficient funding for extras such as counselors, special education services, even textbooks, lock students into second-rate educational environments. This failure to meet educational needs increases disengagement and dropouts, increasing the risk of later court involvement (Bennett-Haron, Fasching-Varner, Martin, Mitchell 2014). Even worse, schools may actually encourage dropouts in response to pressures from test-based accountability regimes such as the No Child Left Behind Act, which create incentives to push out low-performing students to boost overall test scores (Cramer, Gonzales, Lafont-Pellegrini 2014). Lacking resources, facing incentives to push out low-performing st udents, and responding to a handful of highly-publicized school shootings, schools have embraced zero-tolerance policies that automatically impose severe punishment regardless of circumstances. Under these policies, students have been expelled for bringing nail clippers or scissors to school (Christle, Jolivette, Nelson 2005). Rates of suspension have increased dramatically in recent years from 1.7 million in 1998 to 3.1 million in 2010

Lottery Ticket Case Ii Solution Essay - 1036 Words

Five-Step Approach to Unstructured Problems 1. Succinct Statement of the Financial Reporting Issue(s) Provide a brief statement of the accounting issue that includes the characteristics of the transaction that introduce uncertainty about how to record it. How should an expenditure, in this instance to purchase a lottery ticket, which has a risk of providing no future cash flows be reported? 2. Brief Summary of the Economic Purpose of the Transaction State the reason corporate management has entered into the transaction, or, alternatively, summarize the event that has led to the reporting controversy. (This can be difficult in some practice cases but is usually obvious in the FASB concepts cases.) Phil N. Tropic bought†¦show more content†¦4. Neutral Discussion of the Major Alternatives, Citing Relevant Authoritative Literature and Theoretical Concepts Discuss the merits for and against each of the alternative ways to report the transaction listed in the previous step. Cite authoritative accounting rules (from the conceptual framework or practice literature) and specific facts of the case that help you apply the rules. If you have developed a long list of alternatives in step 3, you may be able to eliminate some of them without a detailed analysis (but state reasons). This is the longest section of your analysis. Alternatives a and b (from step 3) are closely related so I will discuss them together in applying the recognition criteria. A critical aspect in determining whether the $150 is an asset or contribution expense is whether the benefit is viewed as i) the chance to receive $100-$100,000 or ii) the right to participate in the drawing. These alternatives assume that Phil plans to keep the ticket and participate in the lottery. Under view i), the probability of receiving $100-$100,000 is a probable future economic event since the chances of winning a prize are greater than 50%. Although the FASB doesn’t require a 50% chance to be probable, the fact that the odds are greater than 50% is favorable. With regard to control, he has paid in full for the ticket but he has no control over the outcome of the drawing. Control is thereby questionable. Finally, since Phil hasShow MoreRelatedLottery Ticket Case II Solution991 Words   |  4 Pagesin this instance to purchase a lottery ticket, which has a risk of providing no future cash flows be reported? 2. Brief Summary of the Economic Purpose of the Transaction State the reason corporate management has entered into the transaction, or, alternatively, summarize the event that has led to the reporting controversy. (This can be difficult in some practice cases but is usually obvious in the FASB concepts cases.) Phil N. Tropic bought a lottery ticket to participate in a drawing byRead More Evidential Basis in Epistemic Justification Essay5302 Words   |  22 Pagesstructure, and in my opinion one effective way of inquiring about the concept of justification could be to investigate it in a definite, problematic case of justification; for instance, in trying to solve a paradox of justification one could understand the notion of justification better. Therefore, as a contemporary paradox of justification the lottery paradox, which is discussed in various contexts, such as induction, defeasible reasoning, a Bayesian theory of rational decision-making, confirmationRead MoreCelebrations and Memories Ltd (Cml) Case Exam Mark Assessment Guide3237 Words   |  13 PagesMay 2008 Case Examination Celebrations and Memories Ltd. 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Command vs Market Economy Free Essays

Command Economic System: When we talk about the term â€Å"command† in historical context; whether it relates to economic, political or warfare, command has always been vested in the hands of the few. If we relate â€Å"these few† to a group of people who exercise power in terms of making decisions (be it economic/social/political etc) for ALL the people they govern, we call this process or system a â€Å"Government†. In a command economic system, this government basically owns and controls most of the economic resources of the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Command vs Market Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now This â€Å"Command† economic system is also known as â€Å"socialism† or â€Å"communism† (McConnell – Economics) In any economic system decisions have to be made regarding production of goods and services, price setting, education, expenditure on infrastructure, resource allocation, resource/property ownership, resource distribution, establishment of industries and businesses, salaries for individuals etc. In a Command Economic System, all these decisions are taken by the Centre/Government. Public in general/ individuals in general do not have any â€Å"say† in such government decisions. Practically speaking, â€Å"Absolute† command economy doesn’t exist in this world, even near perfect â€Å"command economy† of Soviet Union/Russia had private/market influences in its system. McConnell states North Korea and Cuba as near to perfect Command Economic Systems. Pakistan too took a step towards socialism/nationalization in Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s era in 1970s, which later had to be discontinued in wake of emerging capitalist economic forces at that time. Market Economic System As opposed to Command Economic System, Market Economic System is characterized by near to minimal role of Government in governing and directing economic activity of the country. In other words, it is simply the opposite of a command economic system discussed above. The salient features of a market economic system includes â€Å"Private† ownership of economic resources (i. e. , land, labor, capital and entrepreneur), coordination of economic activity through markets, production and distribution decisions aken by private businesses and firms, determination of market prices and quantity through forces of demand and supply (rather than government) etc. The concept of market is fundamental in understanding the captioned subject. Market is a place where buyers and sellers of products come together and through their buying and selling behaviour, price and output for the economy is determined. The sellers seek to maximise their objectives (primarily profit) thro ugh engaging in practices that may compromise societal benefits at large (self interest). To keep profitable, businesses innovate/invest in RD to achieve economies of scale to minimise cost and this lust for market power often leads to competition/inter rivalry amongst firms which leads to production of goods and services at less than socially optimum level. Though practically speaking a perfect market economy can’t exist (government intervention is required in certain areas) Hong Kong, United States and Ireland (ref McConnell) are nearest examples of free market economies in today’s world, where Government’s intervention is minimal. How to cite Command vs Market Economy, Essay examples

Legal Studies Adult Parole of Victoria Australia †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Legal Studies The Adult Parole of Victoria Australia. Answer: Benefits Community Safety-The Law Institute of Victoria (LIV) is very much supportive of the parole scheme. This parole arrangement permits for supervision, management and supported reintegration of all the prisoners back into the society (Liv.asn.au 2017). In addition to this, there are empirical evidence that reflect that parole lessens rates of recidivism and defers the beginning of reoffending, hence benefitting the broader community. Parole issued based on good behaviour or else determination of the board that a particular convict has sufficiently reformed and can be allowed to re-enter the community. This provides the convict fresh opportunity as well as the opportunity to start afresh for all the convicted criminals (Callinan 2013).Justice Callinan recognizes fact parole system generates creates hope, self-reverence and the motivation to reform as well as rehabilitate throughout the population of the prison (Liv.asn.au 2017). In addition to this, Justice Callinan also mentions the fact that parole system benefits the entire community from essentially the rehabilitation of all the offenders. On the whole, the LIC supports the suggestions of Justice Callinans for better resourcing for particular Parole Board as well as Corrections Victoria to make certain the best results for the concerned people (Callinan 2013). Essentially, strengthening the Victorias parole system is said to strengthen the overall community sa fety. 98% of offenders will thus be in due course be released from prison and around 5500 prisoners are unconfined into the Victorian community each year (Liv.asn.au 2017). However, it is essential for the parole board to make the correct decisions regarding granting parole as well as cancellation of parole. In essence, the Victorian Government is by now creating alterations to enhance parole. Saves money- The prisons are very expensive and the legal authorities need to bear huge amount of costs for running the same. Huge number of prisoners therefore increases the costs of the authority. Thus, parole can help in saving money as prisoners are released prior to conclusion of the statement. Again, this is beneficial to the public and this can reduce the total number of people who are incarcerated (Bartels 2013). This can essentially cost huge sums of money per prisoner each year. Moreover, reduction of the incarcerated rates can be considered to be conducive to a free as well as democratic community. Reduces overcrowding in prisons- the release of the prisoners prior to the completion of the sentence also helps in reduction of the overcrowding of convicts in the prison. In Australia the nationwide imprisonment rate is 168 prisoners for every 100,000 adults. Therefore, more number of prisoners can overcrowd the prison. As per reports, the rate of imprisonment in Australia has increased each year and since 2002, the population of prison has increased by nearly 31% (Fitzgerald et al. 2016). Limitations Paroles cannot be monitored all the time: Parole involves a huge risk in which the parolee might perhaps become a repeat offender. This becomes a huge risk that the convict needs to be able to survive on their own upon release and can also be remain unemployed, homeless and can face social maladjustments or else substance abuse (Heraldsun.com.au 2017). Therefore, paroles need to be monitored properly by the criminal justice system. Issues with administration of parole: there are three different key agencies that is essentially involved in the Australian parole system (Bartels 2013). Again, Adult Parole Board is accountable for granting as well as cancellation of parole, along with overseeing parolee improvement in the community. Department of Justice Regulation is responsible for preparing prisoners for essentially the parole. Again Victoria Police also plays an important role in the system by notifying both DJR as well as APB. However, there are several issues as there are few prisoners that receive parole and as an outcome there are more offenders who are not receiving the support. Insufficient information as well as communications technology (ICT) schemes at DJR augments the overall risk of error and create inadequacies. Issues with resources of supervisions and enforcement of conditions of parole: Precise monitoring as well as assessment is crucial to allow agencies to recognize areas for enhancement and to determine the magnitude to which the parole system is raising community safety (Fitzgerald et al. 2016). These insufficient ICT systems obstruct the monitoring as well as assessment of the impact of the alterations on the parole scheme. References Bartels, L., 2013. Parole and Parole Authorities in Australia: A System in Crisis?. Fitzgerald, R., Freiberg, A., Cherney, A. and Buglar, S., 2016. How does the Australian public view parole? Results from a national survey on public attitudes towards parole and re-entry.CriminalLaw Journal,40(6), pp.307-324. Callinan, I., 2013. Review of the parole system in Victoria. Liv.asn.au. 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.liv.asn.au/getattachment/3c3b7020-e37a-48a3-bf64-167f44d2fe82/Review-of-the-Parole-System-in-Victoria [Accessed 1 May 2017]. Heraldsun.com.au. 2017. Strong parole system will benefit all. [online] Available at: https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/opinion/strong-parole-system-will-benefit-community/news-story/614fb011dc8ea02658993e35d643afb2 [Accessed 1 May 2017].